The theory of “just wars” or “holy wars” is an illustration of the ambiguity of such a phenomenon. If the enemies did not speak the same language or were from a different religion, these rules were not respected. However, these rules were enforced only between people of the same cultural background. Most of its principles were inspired by religion and aimed at humanizing social, political, and military relationships. Indeed, the first Chinese treaty was drafted by Sun Tzu during the sixth to fifth centuries BC. The first laws of war were not universal but regional. They also aim at limiting the impact of violence and destruction on the physical and mental integrity of combatants, in order to facilitate their return to society after the conflict has ended. These rules aim at trying to maintain control, discipline, and efficiency of military forces. In all historical periods, leaders set up rules and taboos that determine what is allowed and what is forbidden in military activities. It is closely linked to the history of war. The concept of international humanitarian law goes back to ancient history and exists in every culture, religion, and tradition. War is governed by the law of armed conflict, also called “international humanitarian law.” War is a phenomenon of organized collective violence that affects either the relations between two or more societies or the power relations within a society.
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